An acknowledgment is to ensure that the document’s signer is who they claim to be and has voluntarily signed the document. Acknowledgments often are needed for documents concerning valuable assets, such as deeds, mortgages, and deeds of trust.

An acknowledgment requires the signer to personally appear at the time of notarization to be positively identified and to declare — or “acknowledge” — that the signature on the document is their own and that they signed willingly.

This document may be signed at the time of notarization however, the document may also be signed before-hand and declaring — or acknowledging — the signature on the document is theirs. 

A jurat is for a signer to swear or affirm that the contents of a document are true. Depending on the jurisdiction, it also can be known as an affidavit or a verification on oath or affirmation.

For a jurat, the signer must personally appear before a notary and sign the document in their presence. Then an oath or affirmation must be administered and the signer will speak aloud the promise that the statements in the document are true. The choice between an oath or affirmation is made by the signer.

Administering the oath or affirmation is a vital part of a jurat or verification because the signer is affirming that the contents of the document are true, and that they maybe prosecuted for perjury if the contents are not true. California requires a signer to provide proof of identity for a jurat.

Sometimes, you may simply need to make an oath or affirmation orally rather than a full jurat​, affidavit, or other written document. The purpose of administering a verbal oath or affirmation is, again, to compel a person to truthfulness.

An oath is a solemn pledge to a Supreme Being. An affirmation is a solemn pledge on the individual’s personal honor. Again, the choice should be made by the signer.

A copy certification confirms that a reproduction of an original document is a full, true, and accurate transcription or reproduction of the original.

Documents requiring copy certification may include: diplomas, driver’s licenses, leases, contracts, vehicle titles, Social Security cards, medical records, and bills of sale.

To obtain a copy certification, the person in possession of an original document (also known as the “document custodian”) takes the original document to a Notary. The Notary typically will make a photocopy of the document and complete a certificate for the copy certification to confirm that the photocopy is a true, accurate, and complete copy of the original.

While copy certifications are considered a common notarial act, nearly half of the U.S. states bar Notaries from performing this type of notarization. Check your state’s guidelines to see if you may certify copies. Some states that authorize this stipulate that you may only certify copies of documents, not images or other items. Other states allow Notaries to certify copies of both “records” and “items,” such as graphs, maps, or images. California only allows Notaries to certify copies of powers of attorney or the Notary’s journal if requested by state officials or a court of law.

Many states, including Florida and Texas, forbid the copy certification of vital, public documents, such as birth, death, or marriage certificates. Certified copies of these documents typically must be obtained from the agency that holds the originals.

Notaries in Texas and Montana are allowed to certify that a physical copy of a notarized electronic record (such as a printed copy of an electronic document) is a true and correct copy.

Some states, such as Colorado and Pennsylvania, authorize Notaries to perform a signature witnessing. With this notarial act, you certify that the individual appearing before you is who he or she claims to be, and the signature on the record is the signature of the individual before you.

The main difference between a signature witnessing and an acknowledgment is that you witness the document being signed. The main difference between a signature witnessing and a jurat, affidavit, or verification upon oath or affirmation is that, with a signature witnessing, you do not administer an oath.